What’s the Difference Between Wet & Dry Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration, specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye condition that primarily affects older adults and can lead to vision loss if left untreated. 

The main difference between wet and dry macular degeneration is that dry macular degeneration progresses slowly with gradual vision loss. In contrast, wet macular degeneration develops more quickly due to abnormal blood vessels leaking fluid into the retina. 

Comprehensive eye exams help detect early signs of macular degeneration and provide tailored treatment options to protect your vision.  

What Is Macular Degeneration?  

Macular degeneration affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision used for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. While peripheral vision often remains intact, the condition makes it increasingly difficult to see fine details. There are two main types of macular degeneration: wet and dry.  

Dry Macular Degeneration  

Dry macular degeneration is the more common form, accounting for about 80% of cases. It develops slowly over time as the tissues in the macula thin and small deposits called drusen accumulate.  

Symptoms of Dry Macular Degeneration  

• Gradual blurring of central vision  
• Difficulty reading or seeing fine details  
• Colors appearing less vibrant  
• Need for brighter light when reading or working up close  

Although dry macular degeneration progresses slowly, it can still impact daily activities. In some cases, the condition may develop into wet macular degeneration, increasing the risk of severe vision loss.  

Wet Macular Degeneration  

Wet macular degeneration is less common but more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid vision loss. Early diagnosis is essential for managing this form effectively.  

Symptoms of Wet Macular Degeneration  

• Sudden or rapid loss of central vision  
• Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted  
• Dark or blind spots in the central vision  
• Visual hallucinations in severe cases  

Since wet macular degeneration can cause permanent damage if untreated, it’s important to seek immediate medical attention if you notice sudden changes in your vision.  

Key Differences Between Wet & Dry Macular Degeneration  

There are differences between these conditions, including: 

• Onset: Dry macular degeneration progresses gradually, while wet macular degeneration develops rapidly.  
• Cause: Dry macular degeneration results from the thinning of macular tissues, whereas wet macular degeneration involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels.  
• Severity: Wet macular degeneration is more likely to cause severe vision loss.  
• Treatment: Dry macular degeneration may be managed with lifestyle changes and supplements, while wet macular degeneration often requires more intensive treatments, such as injections or laser therapy.

How Is Macular Degeneration Diagnosed?  

Diagnosing macular degeneration requires a comprehensive eye exam. During the exam, your eye care professional may use the following tools:  

• Visual acuity test: Measures how clearly you can see from different distances.  
• Amsler grid: A tool to detect vision distortion, often used to monitor wet macular degeneration.  
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Produces detailed images of the retina to check for signs of fluid leakage or tissue thinning.  
• Dilated eye exam: Allows a closer view of the retina to identify drusen deposits or abnormal blood vessels.  

Treatment Options 

Dry Macular Degeneration  

There is currently no cure for dry macular degeneration, but certain lifestyle changes and supplements can slow its progression:  

• Antioxidant supplements: Vitamins C and E, zinc, and lutein may reduce the risk of worsening symptoms.  
• Healthy diet: Eating leafy greens, fish, and foods rich in omega-3s can promote eye health.  
• Protective eyewear: Sunglasses with UV protection help shield the eyes from harmful rays.  
• Regular monitoring: Routine eye exams are essential to monitor changes in vision.  

Wet Macular Degeneration  

Treatment for wet macular degeneration focuses on stopping the growth of abnormal blood vessels and preventing further vision loss:  

• Anti-VEGF injections: Medications such as Avastin or Eylea help block the growth of abnormal blood vessels.  
• Photodynamic therapy: A combination of light-activated medication and laser therapy to seal leaking vessels.  
• Laser surgery: In some cases, targeted lasers are used to destroy abnormal blood vessels.  

Early detection is important for the effective treatment of wet macular degeneration, as it can help prevent severe vision loss.  

How to Protect Your Vision  

Whether you have been diagnosed with macular degeneration or want to reduce your risk, adopting healthy habits can make a difference:  

• Schedule regular eye exams: Early detection is key to managing both wet and dry macular degeneration.  
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A diet rich in nutrients, regular exercise, and not smoking can protect your eye health.  
• Monitor your vision: If you experience sudden vision changes, seek medical attention immediately.  

Take Control of Your Eye Health with Early Detection & Care

The primary difference between wet and dry macular degeneration lies in the speed of progression and severity. 

Managing either type requires early detection, lifestyle adjustments, and timely medical intervention for wet macular degeneration. If you’re experiencing any changes in your vision, seeking professional care is essential. Schedule an appointment with Total Vision Pasadena today to protect your eye health.